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Chapter 3 - Dangers in the Third Place: Walking, Public Transport and the Experiences of Young Girls in Cape Town and Abuja
- Edited by Zoe Moody, University of Teacher Education Valais, Switzerland and Université de Genève, Ayuko Berchtold-Sedooka, Université de Genève, Sara Camponovo, Université de Genève, Philip D. Jaffé, Université de Genève, Frédéric Darbellay, Université de Genève
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- Book:
- School Journey as a Third Place
- Published by:
- Anthem Press
- Published online:
- 14 November 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 March 2023, pp 57-78
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- Chapter
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Summary
Introduction
This chapter explores how girls between the ages of 10 and 17 in Cape Town and Abuja conceptualise dangers during their daily experiences of travelling, particularly when walking or taking public transport to school or an after-school club. Within particular areas of these cities, girls fear various dangers when travelling to school, such as rape, gun violence, traffic accidents, human trafficking or theft, and sometimes are exposed to severe insecurities on those journeys.
This data shed light on how young girls in Cape Town and Abuja talk about dangers. Still, it is essential to bear in mind that their experiences in these locations are unique and not representative of people living in other parts of the respective cities. Older women in Abuja and Cape Town emphasised the unreliability and cost of transport in their area as a key concern and mentioned harassment or dangers less frequently but emphasised that they still needed to travel despite these difficulties (Porter et al. 2021).
The children in Cape Town came from within and close by our two focus study sites (one inside and one outside the city boundary). Some of the children who participated in the focus group discussions – but not all – were from an area with a long history of gang violence – which is not necessarily typical of other townships around the city. In Abuja, our respondents, who were all girls, came from a satellite town outside the city boundary and another low-income neighbourhood located within the city boundary. In both sites, there are limited transport options, violence and traffic insecurities that were not commonplace all over the city. Just like many others, the respondents frequently travelled into the city centres, or travelled to school in their neighbourhoods.
In this chapter, Oldenburg’s theory of the third place is discussed in relation to studies of transport and security in the research’s city contexts, bearing in mind that his theory is developed in a very different setting. In his famous essay ‘The Third Place’, Oldenburg (1999) details how people in the United States enjoy so-called third places that allow them to meet informally – for instance, supermarkets, pubs or a street corner.
Stroke Survivors who Fall: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey in Nigeria
- Grace Vincent-Onabajo, Adamu Usman Gamawa, Mohammad Usman Ali, Fatima Kachalla Gujba, Mamman Ali Masta
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- Journal:
- Brain Impairment / Volume 17 / Issue 2 / September 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 June 2016, pp. 143-150
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- Article
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Background: Falls and fall-related injuries rank among the most common complications after stroke, and are characterised by high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study examined the proportion, and the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of those who fell among stroke survivors attending physiotherapy facilities in selected hospitals in Nigeria.
Methods: Socio-demographic, clinical and falls data were obtained using a researcher-designed questionnaire while the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess functional ability of the participants. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to summarise all data. Pearson's Chi square statistic was used to identify significant socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of those who fell.
Results: One hundred stroke survivors participated in the study with a majority of males (67%). Mean ± SD age of the stroke survivors was 55.97 ± 9.56 years (range = 33–85 years). Thirty-three (33%) stroke survivors fell within the 3 months prior to the study and a significant proportion were older (p < .001) and had more diminished functional ability (p < .001).
Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the stroke survivors fell, especially those in the older age-group and those with diminished functional ability. These findings suggest that improving functional ability after stroke may prevent falls while older stroke survivors would also require intensive falls prevention strategies to reduce their susceptibility to falls post stroke. Longitudinal studies on the incidence and frequency of falls among stroke survivors in Nigeria, and clinical trials on appropriate falls prevention strategies are however urgently required.
Gender, Hisba and The Enforcement of Morality in Northern Nigeria
- Fatima L. Adamu
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Vigilantism is a term often used to describe any form of policing and ordering that is non-state, and under analysis ‘vigilantism’ has often emerged as negative, associated with violence and violation of individual rights. However, a closer examination of the origin, practice, function and structure of some of the groups often referred to as vigilantes in Nigeria has revealed that not all of them fit into our understanding of vigilantes as gangs of youths that mete out violence and jungle justice to their victims. Some of these vigilantes have their roots in the community and are a preferred form of policing in Nigeria. Many such groups exist across the shari‘a states of northern Nigeria, drawing their legitimacy from different and sometimes competing sources: the Yan'banga from the Hausa traditional and communal establishment, the hisba from the religious establishment and the Yan'achaba from the political establishment. What can we say about the operation, structure and function of these various `vigilantes'? How is the politicking and struggle between religio-political and Hausa traditionalist elites shaping and reforming these three forms? What impact does this struggle have on women and the vulnerable? This article has two aims. One is to question the over-generalization associated with vigilantism in Nigeria by analysing one form of vigilantism – hisba – within the context of informal policing in Zamfara and Kano states. The other is to situate the issue of vigilantes within the northern Nigerian political context rather than within a simple moral framework that casts vigilantes as violent criminals.